Pigment-resist



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BRAOEVELL, OF NORTH ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS.

PlGMENT-RESIST.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 409,820, dated August 27, 1889.

Application filed February 9, 1889. Serial No. 299,320. (No specimens.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BRACEWELL, of North Adams, in the county of Berkshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pigment- Resists, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved method of applying patterns in pigment colors on aniline black grounds 5 and it consists in certain new and useful improved processes of applying and developing the patterns and colors in the cloth, substantially as hereinafter described and claimed.

In practicing my invention I proceed as follows: I take bleached cotton cloth prepared for printingin the usual way and print thereon the pattern in a resist compounded or mixed with a pigment color, as follows: Take chrome-yellow powder, seven pounds; water, three and one-half pounds; albumen solution, three and one-third pounds; acetate of soda, three pounds. Dissolve the acetate of soda in the water and add the albumen solution and pigment and mix thoroughly,when the pigment-resist is ready for use. The pro portions of water, acetate of soda, and pigment may be varied to produce different shades, as desired. Instead of yellow, any other pigment color may be used in the same way, as, for instance, Vermilion for red, ultramarine for blue, the. After the pattern has been printed on the cloth with the above-described pigment-c0lored resist, I next print on it a cover or other pattern, or I blotch or pad on the face and back, oron one face only, with one of the aniline-black colors hereinafter described. If it be the one suitable to be developed by aging, I then dry the cloth and age it to develop the aniline color by hanging or laying it in a room or by passing through an aniline ager kept hot and moist to the ordinary degree by means of steam, or I resort to both these methods to age and exidize the colors. I then pass the cloth through a hot solution of water and alkali or water and chromeas, for instance, a tWo-per-cent.

solution of bichromate of potash-to complete the development of the aniline-black and set the pigment colors into the cloth. I finally soap and wash the cloth in the usual manner, which completes the process.

The following may be employed as the ingredients of the aging color above mentioned: Water, one gallon; chlorate of potash, twelve ounces; corn-starch, one pound. Mix and boil till thickened, and when cool add one pound of aniline-salt crystals and four grains of chloride of vanadium dissolved in water. The amount of starch may be varied according to the work desired, and other known equivalent chlorate saltsas of soda may be employed instead of the potash, and other known equivalent metallic compoundsas sulphide of copperinstead of vanadium. If the aniline-black color to be employed be one suitable for development by steaming, I apply it to the surface of the cloth over the pigment-resist pattern, as before, and then either subject it to the action of steam under pressure in the steam-box or continuous steamer immediately or pass it through an aging-machine and then steam it to develop and fix the aniline and pigment colors. I finally soap and wash the cloth in the usual manner.

The following may be employed as the ingredients of the steam aniline-black color above mentioned: Dissolve in a copper colorpan four pounds chlorate of potash and seven pounds ferro-cyanide-of-soda crystals in six gallons of water. Then add three pounds of cornstarch and boil till thickened, and 0001. Then add seven pounds of aniline-salt crystals dissolved in one and one-half gallon of water. Then add six ounces of aniline-oil, and after thorough mixing the color is ready for use. Other chlorate salts may be employed instead of potash, and the proportion of ferro-cyanide may be somewhat increased, if desired. I very greatly prefer to employ the steam aniline-black last described in developing the aniline and resist-pigment colors, because the employment of an anilineblack, which requires to be aged, develops or produces acid in the aging process by contact of the air with it, which acid attacks the alkali of the pigmentrresist colors and impairs their brightness and renders them dull, While the employment of the steaming process, on the contrary, prevents these effects and leaves the pigment colors peculiarly brilliant. The employment of a steam aniline-black or, in other words, one which can be developed by steam under pressure without injury to the goods, is preferable with these pi gment-resists.

Although pigment colors have. been printed upon aniline-black colors (after they were applied to the cloth and dried) in the form of a discharge, yet it has been found to be attended with serious disadvantages when so applied owing to the peculiar nature of both the aniline color and the pigment-discharge. Thus the rapidity with which the aniline oxidized rendered it impossible to print the discharge upon the above-mentioned agingcolor at all and upon the steam color given above only by drying with extreme care and hurrying the cloth from the dry-room to the printing-machine to apply the alkali pigment-discharge. Next, the aniline-black color had to be either mixed without thickening in order to allow the alkali pigment-discharge to be applied upon it after drying on the cloth and have the pigment penetrate the fiber of the cloth so as to be fixed therein in a superior manner, and this produced an inferior an ilineblack, because the starch in that color gives it a superior luster and shade of color; or, on the other hand, if the aniline-black color was mixed with starch or other equivalent thickening, then the alkali pigmentrdischarge was mechanically prevented from entering the fiber of the cloth to a certain extent by the thickness or body of the aniline-black color, and thus could not be so well or firmly set into the fiber of the cloth and was not so fast a color as the aniline-black, it being of the greatest importance that both colors shall be as near equal in this respect as possible. Any

attempt to avoid this difficulty by diminishing the amount of the pigment-powder mixed in the alkali discharge gave a less brilliant color to the pigment-pattern, and in any event. the aniline held by the thickening of that color failed to be fully discharged by the alkali because the action of the latter upon the aniline was retarded by the pigment with which it was mixed, and the thickening, if any, employed in the aniline-black.

By my new method of employing the alkali pigment as a resist mixture and printing it upon the cloth first and drying, all the above conditions which work to its disadvantage when applied as a discharge are practically reversed. The pigment-resist enters the fiber of the cloth unobstructed, and the pigment acts to a certain extent as a mechanical re- I sist to supplement the chemical action of the alkali, thus giving the advantages of both,

and moreover by thickening the resist with more pigment-powder to intensify the color the resist quality is thereby improved. The proper amount of thickening can also be employed with the aniline-black color to give it the best effects without affecting the pigment colors of the pattern. N0 difficulty arises from the oxidation of the aniline before the alkali of the resist begins to take effeet, and therefore various formulas for compounding the aniline-black color can be employed, which it would be impractical to use if it were attempted to discharge the anilineblack after application to the cloth. Asntl ese formulas for the aniline-black color are much less expensive than those which produce one which can be discharged, at great saving in cost of the goods is thus effected. Finally,it requires less heat to fix the pigment-colors in the cloth with the same degree of firmness when employed as a resist by my method, and they are liable to be less affected by the aniline-black color in their shades or tones of color, because they exclude it from the cloth, and from affecting the pigments themselves when laid over the latter by padding or blotching, especially when the proportion of alkali is used with the pigment as above stated.

WVhat I claim as new and of my invention is- 1. The described process of applying and fixing pigment-resist patterns and aualineblack grounds upon cloth-that is to say, printing the resist compounded of a pigment color and alkali on the cloth in a pattern and drying it, and afterward printing, padding, or blotching over the same the aniline-black color, and lastly aging and developing and fixing the aniline-black and pigment colors by means of moisture and heat, substantially as described.

2. The described process of applying and fixing pigment-resist patterns and anilineblack grounds upon cloth-that is to say, printing the resist compounded of a pigment color and alkali on the cloth in patterns and drying it, and afterward printing, padding, or blotching over the same the steam anilineblack color, and lastly developing and fixing the aniline-black and pigment-resist colors by steam under pressure, substantially as described.

JOHN BRAOEWELL.

\Vitnesses:

DAVID HALL RICE, N. P. ()CKINGTON. 

